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Our economy needs good growth, not just any growth – and social value has a critical role to play
By Andrew O’Brien, Director of Policy and Impact at Demos
“I am determined to do everything in my power to galvanise growth; determined for this country to be the highest growing economy in the G7 – that is our most important national mission.” These were the words of the UK Prime Minister, Sir Keir Starmer, at the Global Investment Summit earlier this month.
It is no secret that the entire government’s political agenda depends on boosting growth. But while Britain is desperate for growth after nearly two decades of stagnation, it needs to be a particular type of growth. Whether you call it good growth, inclusive growth or sustainable growth, we need growth that meaningfully improves the standard of living for working people. Our economy needs to grow not just by financial measures but in terms of social value – its contribution to local communities, its impact on individual wellbeing, its effect on the world around us.
Take one issue: wages. Since the late 1970s, real wage growth significantly slowed down, from a healthy 5.5% per year to 4.4% in the 1980s right down to 1.6% in the 1990s. Despite the ‘Great Moderation’, it only ticked up slightly to 1.7% per year at the turn of the century, before the financial crisis led to wage stagnation and a permanent cost of living crisis.
Growth also slowed in this period, but not as dramatically as wages. Median growth rates per decade fell by 24% from the 1970s to the 2000s, while wage growth rates fell by 70% in the same period. We made the wrong economic choices. We allowed highly productive, skilled industries to be replaced with lower productivity and insecure work. We oversaw an ‘extreme form of capitalism’ unique to the UK, where the ‘proceeds of growth’ went to a narrow group, both economically (the richest) and geographically (London and the South East).
To be fair to the new government, they understand that they cannot just allow ‘growth’ to emerge organically; it needs to be directed. Their new Industrial Strategy says that “the government is committed to using the power of the state strategically to support and shape the UK’s economy and future growth”.
Unfortunately, the UK has eroded state capacity over the past 40 years, and lacks the experience in steering markets needed to deliver good growth now. The new government’s position is akin to trying to win a Formula One race in a car that you’re building as you drive it.
But there are tools available to help the new government drive inclusive growth – such as procurement, which it’s encouraging to see referenced in the new Industrial Strategy. The public sector is spending close to £400bn every year: 17% of UK GDP, and 14 times more money than the promised National Wealth Fund, reaching every part of our economy. There’s even more at stake in the private sector, where our largest businesses are spending billions on procurement every year. This presents an enormous opportunity to steer growth in the right direction, building a stronger but also fairer and more sustainable economy.
If we can make better procurement decisions – spreading investment into social enterprises and SMEs across our regions, backing innovative new processes and technologies, and creating the conditions for long term planning and productivity gains – we can truly achieve good growth. This kind of focus on social value broadens decision making from short-term financial costs to factor in wider impacts, enabling the government to use procurement as a strategic lever for economic renewal.
Central government‘s leadership role is critical; our whole economy is shaped by the standards they set, the organisations they buy goods and services from, and their appetite for risk. No other actor has the strategic capability to shape procurement, and unlock the full potential of social value, in the way that central government can.
Early signs are encouraging. A review of the National Procurement Policy Statement is underway, including positive references to social value. Labour mayors are supporting ‘the social economy’ in London and Bristol, the VCSE sector in Greater Manchester and ‘business for good’ in West Yorkshire. The Procurement Act is due to take effect early next year, with an explicit government commitment in the new Industrial Strategy to using the legal framework it creates to deliver greater social value.
However, social value must be a key tool for a mission-led government and a core part of their industrial strategy, not an afterthought. We need to create a national strategy for identifying the most socially valuable economic opportunities, encouraging their development, and rewarding businesses such as social enterprises that align to our shared priorities. The Social Value Act could be transformative, but there is much more that needs to be done, as outlined in our recent Demos paper ‘Taming the Wild West’.
The government have limited economic levers they can pull to achieve good growth, and social value has a critical role to play in achieving their promised “decade of national renewal”. There is no time to lose.
